Heart
Updated May 20, 2025.
🟢 Doctor’s Best Nattokinase 2,000 FU (90 ct)
View on Amazon 💲 | Vitacost | Doctor’s Best
References and resources
- Chen H, McGowan EM, Ren N, Lal S, Nassif N, Shad-Kaneez F, Qu X, Lin Y. Nattokinase: A Promising Alternative in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomark Insights. 2018 Jul 5;13:1177271918785130. doi:10.1177/1177271918785130
- Chen H, Chen J, Zhang F, Li Y, Wang R, Zheng Q, Zhang X, Zeng J, Xu F, Lin Y. Effective management of atherosclerosis progress and hyperlipidemia with nattokinase: A clinical study with 1,062 participants. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022 Aug 22;9:964977. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.964977. Erratum in: Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022 Dec 05;9:1076420. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1076420
- Di Micco, P., Bernardi, F. F., Camporese, G., Biglietto, M., Perrella, A., Ciarambino, T., Russo, V., & Imbalzano, E. (2023). Nattokinase historical sketch on experimental and clinical evidence. Italian Journal of Medicine, 17(1). doi:10.4081/itjm.2023.1583
- Raiszadeh MM. Compositions and methods for thromboembolism dissolution. World Intellectual Property Organization patent WO 2017/205790 A1. 2017 Nov 30. WO 2017/205790 A1
- Sumi H, Hamada H, Nakanishi K, Hiratani H. Enhancement of the fibrinolytic activity in plasma by oral administration of nattokinase. Acta Haematol. 1990;84(3):139-43. doi:10.1159/000205051
- Weng Y, Yao J, Sparks S, Wang KY. Nattokinase: An Oral Antithrombotic Agent for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Feb 28;18(3):523. doi:10.3390/ijms18030523
🟢 Doctor’s Best Ubiquinol with Kaneka QH, 50 mg (90 ct)
View on Amazon 💲 | Vitacost | Doctor’s Best
References and resources
- Druzhaeva N, Petrič AD, Tavčar-Kalcher G, Babič J, Nemec Svete A. Randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial of the effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on plasma coenzyme Q10 concentration in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. Am J Vet Res. 2021 Apr;82(4):280-285. doi:10.2460/ajvr.82.4.280
- Ishikawa, A., Kawarazaki, H., Ando, K. et al. Renal preservation effect of ubiquinol, the reduced form of coenzyme Q10. Clin Exp Nephrol 15, 30-33 (2011). doi:10.1007/s10157-010-0350-8
- Sood B, Patel P, Keenaghan M. Coenzyme Q10. [Updated 2024 Jan 30]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531491/
🟢 Generic Atenolol Compounded Oral Oil Liquid
View on Chewy
References and resources
- “This study failed to identify an effect of subclinical HCM on owner assessed QOL or activity, or a treatment effect of atenolol on these variables at the dosage evaluated. These findings do not support a treatment benefit of atenolol for the goal of symptom reduction in cats with subclinical HCM.” — Coleman AE, DeFrancesco TC, Griffiths EH, Lascelles BDX, Kleisch DJ, Atkins CE, Keene BW. Atenolol in cats with subclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial of effect on quality of life, activity, and cardiac biomarkers. J Vet Cardiol. 2020 Aug;30:77-91. doi:10.1016/j.jvc.2020.06.002 (retrieved 2025-05-08)
- Drug Handout: Atenolol. CVCA. 2016. https://www.cvcavets.com/drug-handouts/atenolol/
- “If a cat is receiving beta-blockers (e.g., for previously diagnosed HCM with LVOTO), the dose should be carefully down-titrated or even stopped after a few weeks. This is because the intense neuroendocrine activation of CHF includes increased sympathetic drive to maintain cardiac output; beta-blockade may prevent some of this compensatory effort. However, the decision about discontinuing beta-blockers depends on each individual case (e.g., if there is significant LVOTO). Beta-blockers should never be started in a cat presenting with uncontrolled CHF; an interim analysis of heart failure treatments indicated significantly reduced survival in cats receiving this class of drug.” — Dukes-McEwan J, Partington C. Management of the cat with heart failure. Royal Canin Academy web site. 2022. https://academy.royalcanin.com/en/veterinary/management-of-the-cat-with-heart-failure (retrieved 2025-05-08)
- “…at interim analysis, there was little evidence to suggest that chronic administration of furosemide plus either atenolol, dilacor, or enalapril at doses specified, provided any major advantage in clinical outcome versus administration of furosemide alone.” — Fox PR. Prospective, double-blinded, multicenter evaluation of chronic therapies for feline diastolic heart failure: interim analysis. Research Abstract Program of the 21st Annual ACVIM Forum Charlotte, NC, June 4-7, 2003. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 17: 398-399. doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02465.x (retrieved 2025-05-08)
- Jensen J, Henik RA, Brownfield M, Armstrong J. Plasma renin activity and angiotensin I and aldosterone concentrations in cats with hypertension associated with chronic renal disease. Am J Vet Res. 1997 May;58(5):535-40. doi:10.2460/ajvr.1997.58.05.535
- “Atenolol administration did not decrease NT-proBNP or cTnI concentrations in cats with severe left ventricular hypertrophy caused by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. These results suggest that atenolol did not decrease myocardial ischemia and myocyte death in these cats.” — Jung, S.W. and Kittleson, M.D. (2011), The Effect of Atenolol on NT-proBNP and Troponin in Asymptomatic Cats with Severe Left Ventricular Hypertrophy because of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Pilot Study. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 25: 1044-1049. doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0754.x (retrieved 2025-05-08)
- Macgregor JM, Rush JE, Rozanski EA, Boothe DM, Belmonte AA, Freeman LM. Comparison of pharmacodynamic variables following oral versus transdermal administration of atenolol to healthy cats. Am J Vet Res. 2008 Jan;69(1):39-44. doi:10.2460/ajvr.69.1.39
- Ogawa M, Kawamura A, Akabane R, Sakatani A, Miyakawa H, Hsu H-H, et al. Effects of ivabradine and atenolol on heart rate and heart rate variability in healthy cats over a 24 h period: a pilot study. Vet Rec Open. 2022; 9:e28. doi:10.1002/vro2.28
- Quiñones M, Dyer DC, Ware WA, Mehvar R. Pharmacokinetics of atenolol in clinically normal cats. Am J Vet Res. 1996 Jul;57(7):1050-3. doi:10.2460/ajvr.1996.57.07.1050
- Riesen, S.C., Schober, K.E., Cervenec, R.M. and Bonagura, J.D. (2011), Comparison of the Effects of Ivabradine and Atenolol on Heart Rate and Echocardiographic Variables of Left Heart Function in Healthy Cats. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 25: 469-476. doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0705.x
- “Our study failed to demonstrate an effect of atenolol on 5-year survival in cats with preclinical HCM.” — Schober KE, Zientek J, Li X, Fuentes VL, Bonagura JD. Effect of treatment with atenolol on 5-year survival in cats with preclinical (asymptomatic) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Vet Cardiol. 2013 Jun;15(2):93-104. doi:10.1016/j.jvc.2013.03.003 (retrieved 2025-05-08)
- Keisuke SUGIMOTO, Takuma AOKI, Yoko FUJII, Effects of atenolol on left atrial and left ventricular function in healthy cats and in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 2020, Volume 82, Issue 5, Pages 546-552. doi:10.1292/jvms.19-0670
- Waterman M (2018). Pharmacodynamic evaluation of beta-blockade associated with atenolol in healthy dogs. Master’s Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97339
- Wilkinson R. Do beta-blockers have a place in the treatment of feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)? 2021. https://www.vetpracticesupport.com/the-use-of-beta-blockers-in-feline-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-hcm/ (retrieved 2025-05-08)
🟢 Generic Pimobendan Compounded Oral Oil Liquid
View on Chewy
References and resources
- Hanzlicek AS, Gehring R, Kukanich B, Kukanich KS, Borgarelli M, Smee N, Olson EE, Margiocco M. Pharmacokinetics of oral pimobendan in healthy cats. J Vet Cardiol. 2012 Dec;14(4):489-96. doi:10.1016/j.jvc.2012.06.002
- Kittleson MD, Côté E. The Feline Cardiomyopathies: 2. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. 2021;23(11):1028-1051. doi:10.1177/1098612X211020162
- Oldach MS, Ueda Y, Ontiveros ES, Fousse SL, Harris SP and Stern JA (2019) Cardiac Effects of a Single Dose of Pimobendan in Cats With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy; A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study. Front. Vet. Sci. 6:15. doi:10.3389/fvets.2019.00015
- Oldach, M.S., Ueda, Y., Ontiveros, E.S. et al. Acute pharmacodynamic effects of pimobendan in client-owned cats with subclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. BMC Vet Res 17, 89 (2021). doi:10.1186/s12917-021-02799-9
- Reina-Doreste Y, Stern JA, Keene BW, Tou SP, Atkins CE, DeFrancesco TC, Ames MK, Hodge TE, Meurs KM. Case-control study of the effects of pimobendan on survival time in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2014 Sep 1;245(5):534-9. doi:10.2460/javma.245.5.534
- Schober KE, Rush JE, Luis Fuentes V, et al. Effects of pimobendan in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and recent congestive heart failure: Results of a prospective, double-blind, randomized, nonpivotal, exploratory field study. J Vet Intern Med. 2021; 35: 789-800. doi:10.1111/jvim.16054
- Pimobendan Use in Cats. Today’s Veterinary Practice. 2018. https://todaysveterinarypractice.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2018/06/Pimobendan-Use-in-Cats.pdf
🟢 MDF Instruments Acoustica Lightweight Stethoscope
View on Amazon 💲 | MDF Instruments
😺 Luna Says
My dad really likes listening to my fluffy little heart with this. I don’t think I’ll ever understand humans…
🟢 NOW Potassium Chloride Powder (8 oz)
View on Amazon 💲 | Vitacost | NOW Foods | iHerb
😺 Luna Says
Dad uses this to supplement my chloride without increasing sodium.
🟢 NOW Taurine Pure Powder
View on Amazon 💲 | Vitacost | NOW Foods
References and resources
- Burns K (2022). Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and the Role of Nutrition. Today’s Veterinary Nurse. https://todaysveterinarynurse.com/nutrition/feline-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-and-the-role-of-nutrition/
🟢 Rapamycin for Cats
View on Helping Pets Live Longer
References and resources
- Kaplan JL, Rivas VN, Walker AL, Grubb L, Farrell A, Fitzgerald S, Kennedy S, Jauregui CE, Crofton AE, McLaughlin C, Van Zile R, DeFrancesco TC, Meurs KM, Stern JA. Delayed-release rapamycin halts progression of left ventricular hypertrophy in subclinical feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: results of the RAPACAT trial. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2023 Jul 26;261(11):1628-1637. doi:10.2460/javma.23.04.0187
🟢 Rx Vitamins Formula CV Capsules Heart Supplement (90 ct)
🛑 This item has cautions. See the references and resources.
View on Amazon 💲 | Chewy | VetRxDirect | Rx Vitamins
References and resources
- “Do no use simultaneously with anticoagulants, antihypertensive, vasodilators, or if suffering from ulcers, diabetes and when pregnant or breastfeeding.” — Cunha J. Forskolin. https://www.rxlist.com/forskolin/generic-drug.htm (retrieved 2024-10-20)
- “Because supplementation with Coleus forskohlii extract or forskolin has been noted to reduce blood pressure, increase stomach acid levels, and inhibit platelet aggregation, it should be used with caution by people with hypotension (low blood pressure) or who are taking antihypertensive (blood-pressure-lowering) drugs, people with blood clotting disorders or who are taking blood thinning medication, and people with stomach ulcers.” — Damianou A, Milazzo N (2024). Coleus forskohlii. https://examine.com/supplements/coleus-forskohlii/#dosage-information (retrieved 2024-10-20)
- “Forskolin should be avoided in patients with polycystic kidney disease.” — Forskolin. https://www.drugs.com/npc/forskolin.html (retrieved 2024-10-20)
🟢 Salix Furosemide Injectable (50 mg/mL, 50 mL)
View on Chewy
🟢 Tap Tool Pro
View on App Store | Play Store
😺 Luna Says
Dad uses this app to measure my respiratory and heart rates. When he evaluated several apps for this purpose, he found this one to be simplest, easiest to use, as well as most accurate.
🟢 Tiki Cat Silver Comfort Mousse, Chicken & Chicken Liver
20 ct
160 ct
View on Amazon 💲
😺 Luna Says
This works very well for smothering capsules, or even plain as a chaser after those nasty oral medicines. (Gross!) I heard Dad mumble something about low sodium and the cardiologist.
🟢 TriviumVet felycin-CA1
References and resources
- FDA Conditionally Approves Drug for Management of Ventricular Hypertrophy in Cats. March 14, 2025. https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/cvm-updates/fda-conditionally-approves-drug-management-ventricular-hypertrophy-cats
- Freedom of Information Summary (FOI), Application for Conditional Approval, Application number 141-604, felycin®-CA1 (sirolimus delayed-release tablets). March 14, 2025. https://animaldrugsatfda.fda.gov/adafda/app/search/public/document/downloadFoi/16672
- Kaplan JL, Rivas VN, Walker AL, Grubb L, Farrell A, Fitzgerald S, Kennedy S, Jauregui CE, Crofton AE, McLaughlin C, Van Zile R, DeFrancesco TC, Meurs KM, Stern JA. Delayed-release rapamycin halts progression of left ventricular hypertrophy in subclinical feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: results of the RAPACAT trial. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2023 Jul 26;261(11):1628-1637. doi:10.2460/javma.23.04.0187
- Nguyen VN, Abagyan R, Tsunoda SM. Mtor inhibitors associated with higher cardiovascular adverse events-A large population database analysis. Clin Transplant. 2021 Apr;35(4):e14228. doi:10.1111/ctr.14228
- PBI-Gordon Companies Acquires TriviumVet, Expanding Portfolio of Innovative Treatments in Pet Health. May 5, 2025. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/pbi-gordon-companies-acquires-triviumvet-expanding-portfolio-of-innovative-treatments-in-pet-health-302445353.html
🟢 Vetmedin Pimobendan Chewable Tablets
View on Chewy
References and resources
- Vetmedin (pimobendan) Chewable Tablets product insert. Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc. 2023. https://docs.boehringer-ingelheim.com/PI/Theras/Vetmedin_PI.pdf
- Freedom of Information Summary, Corrected Original New Animal Drug Application, NADA 141-273: Vetmedin (pimobendan) Chewable Tablets. 2007. https://animaldrugsatfda.fda.gov/adafda/app/search/public/document/downloadFoi/832
- Freedom of Information Summary, Application for Conditional Approval, Application Number 141-556: Vetmedin-CA1 (pimobendan) Chewable Tablets. 2022. https://animaldrugsatfda.fda.gov/adafda/app/search/public/document/downloadFoi/12512
- Freedom of Information Summary, Original New Animal Drug Application, NADA 141-575: Vetmedin Solution (pimobendan oral solution). 2024. https://animaldrugsatfda.fda.gov/adafda/app/search/public/document/downloadFoi/15024
- Hanzlicek AS, Gehring R, Kukanich B, Kukanich KS, Borgarelli M, Smee N, Olson EE, Margiocco M. Pharmacokinetics of oral pimobendan in healthy cats. J Vet Cardiol. 2012 Dec;14(4):489-96. doi:10.1016/j.jvc.2012.06.002
- Kittleson MD, Côté E. The Feline Cardiomyopathies: 2. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. 2021;23(11):1028-1051. doi:10.1177/1098612X211020162
- Oldach MS, Ueda Y, Ontiveros ES, Fousse SL, Harris SP and Stern JA (2019) Cardiac Effects of a Single Dose of Pimobendan in Cats With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy; A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study. Front. Vet. Sci. 6:15. doi:10.3389/fvets.2019.00015
- Oldach, M.S., Ueda, Y., Ontiveros, E.S. et al. Acute pharmacodynamic effects of pimobendan in client-owned cats with subclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. BMC Vet Res 17, 89 (2021). doi:10.1186/s12917-021-02799-9
- Reina-Doreste Y, Stern JA, Keene BW, Tou SP, Atkins CE, DeFrancesco TC, Ames MK, Hodge TE, Meurs KM. Case-control study of the effects of pimobendan on survival time in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2014 Sep 1;245(5):534-9. doi:10.2460/javma.245.5.534
- Schober KE, Rush JE, Luis Fuentes V, et al. Effects of pimobendan in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and recent congestive heart failure: Results of a prospective, double-blind, randomized, nonpivotal, exploratory field study. J Vet Intern Med. 2021; 35: 789-800. doi:10.1111/jvim.16054
- Pimobendan Use in Cats. Today’s Veterinary Practice. 2018. https://todaysveterinarypractice.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2018/06/Pimobendan-Use-in-Cats.pdf
Heart references and resources
- Amabile CM, Spencer AP. Keeping your patient with heart failure safe: a review of potentially dangerous medications. Arch Intern Med. 2004 Apr 12;164(7):709-20. doi:10.1001/archinte.164.7.709
- Brainard BM, Coleman AE, Kurosawa A, Rush JE, Hogan DF, Brooks MB, Kraus MS. Therapy with clopidogrel or rivaroxaban has equivalent impacts on recurrence of thromboembolism and survival in cats following cardiogenic thromboembolism: the SUPERCAT study. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2024 Dec 18;263(4):1-10. doi:10.2460/javma.24.09.0584
- Burns K (2022). Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and the Role of Nutrition. Today’s Veterinary Nurse. https://todaysveterinarynurse.com/nutrition/feline-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-and-the-role-of-nutrition/
- Cook A, Saunders A. Finding the Balance in Your Patients with Cardiovascular and Renal Disease. Today’s Veterinary Practice. 2018. https://todaysveterinarypractice.com/cardiology/veterinary-patients-with-cardiovascular-and-renal-disease/
- “A cat with concomitant CKD may become more azotemic if relatively high doses of furosemide are required to manage its CHF. This is a grave prognostic indicator, as the cat tends to see-saw between uncontrolled CHF and worsening azotemia, depending on the dose of furosemide. It often prompts euthanasia if a balance cannot be achieved. It is not uncommon in the cat with severe CHF requiring high initial cumulative furosemide doses to control the CHF to cause an acute kidney injury. Backing off the furosemide dose and delaying the introduction of ACE-inhibitors should resolve this. In a cat with CHF who becomes azotemic, fluid therapy should be avoided, as this will increase preload and further decompensate the CHF. Instead, diuretics should be reduced or stopped for a short period while monitoring respiration.” — Dukes-McEwan J, Partington C. Management of the cat with heart failure. Royal Canin Academy web site. 2022. https://academy.royalcanin.com/en/veterinary/management-of-the-cat-with-heart-failure (retrieved 2025-05-08)
- Fernando MB, Ferreira I, Lourenço P. Admission and discharge sodium: Chloride ratio in acute heart failure - The importance of electrolytes. Int J Cardiol. 2024 Dec 15;417:132528. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.132528
- Fu Z, Zhang X, Zhao X, Wang Q. U-Shaped Relationship of Sodium-to-chloride Ratio on admission and Mortality in Elderly Patients with Heart Failure: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2023 Jan;48(1):101419. doi:10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101419
- Grodin JL, Simon J, Hachamovitch R, Wu Y, Jackson G, Halkar M, Starling RC, Testani JM, Tang WH. Prognostic Role of Serum Chloride Levels in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015 Aug 11;66(6):659-66. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.06.007
- Hansen B (2021). Fluid Overload. Front. Vet. Sci. 8:668688. doi:10.3389/fvets.2021.668688
- Heine GH, Seiler S, Fliser D. FGF-23: the rise of a novel cardiovascular risk marker in CKD. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012 Aug;27(8):3072-81. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfs259
- Iqbal MA, Gupta M. Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema. [Updated 2023 Apr 7]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544260/
- Kaplan JL, Rivas VN, Walker AL, Grubb L, Farrell A, Fitzgerald S, Kennedy S, Jauregui CE, Crofton AE, McLaughlin C, Van Zile R, DeFrancesco TC, Meurs KM, Stern JA. Delayed-release rapamycin halts progression of left ventricular hypertrophy in subclinical feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: results of the RAPACAT trial. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2023 Jul 26;261(11):1628-1637. doi:10.2460/javma.23.04.0187
- Kittleson M. Treatment of Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Lost Dreams. World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress Proceedings, 2014. https://www.vin.com/doc/?id=7054765
- O’Connor CM, Ahmad T. The Role of Sodium and Chloride in Heart Failure: Does It Take Two to Tango? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015 Aug 11;66(6):667-9. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.05.070
- Page RL 2nd, O’Bryant CL, Cheng D, Dow TJ, Ky B, Stein CM, Spencer AP, Trupp RJ, Lindenfeld J; American Heart Association Clinical Pharmacology and Heart Failure and Transplantation Committees of the Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; and Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research. Drugs That May Cause or Exacerbate Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016 Aug 9;134(6):e32-69. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000426
- Pierce, K.V., Rush, J.E., Freeman, L.M., Cunningham, S.M. and Yang, V.K. (2017), Association between Survival Time and Changes in NT-proBNP in Cats Treated for Congestive Heart Failure. J Vet Intern Med, 31: 678-684. doi:10.1111/jvim.14690
- Rivas VN, Kaplan JL, Kennedy SA, Fitzgerald S, Crofton AE, Farrell A, Grubb L, Jauregui CE, Grigorean G, Choi E, et al. Multi-Omic, Histopathologic, and Clinicopathologic Effects of Once-Weekly Oral Rapamycin in a Naturally Occurring Feline Model of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Pilot Study. Animals. 2023; 13(20):3184. doi:10.3390/ani13203184
- Schaer M. Fluid Therapy for Critically Ill Dogs and Cats. World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress Proceedings, 2006. https://www.vin.com/doc/?id=3858919
- Syme HM. Cardiovascular and renal manifestations of hyperthyroidism. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2007 Jul;37(4):723-43, vi. doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2007.05.011
- Wei D, Chen S, Xiao D, Chen R, Meng Y. Positive association between sodium-to-chloride ratio and in-hospital mortality of acute heart failure. Sci Rep. 2024 Apr 3;14(1):7846. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-58632-4
- Wohlfahrt P, Melenovsky V, Kotrc M, Benes J, Jabor A, Franekova J, Lemaire S, Kautzner J, Jarolim P. Association of Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 Levels and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition in Chronic Systolic Heart Failure. JACC Heart Fail. 2015 Oct;3(10):829-39. doi:10.1016/j.jchf.2015.05.012
- Wu A, Wolley MJ, Mayr HL, Cheng L, Cowley D, Li B, Campbell KL, Terker AS, Ellison DH, Welling PA, Fenton RA, Stowasser M. Randomized Trial on the Effect of Oral Potassium Chloride Supplementation on the Thiazide-Sensitive Sodium Chloride Cotransporter in Healthy Adults. Kidney Int Rep. 2023 Mar 27;8(6):1201-1212. doi:10.1016/j.ekir.2023.03.011
- Zhang Y, He D, Zhang W, Xing Y, Guo Y, Wang F, Jia J, Yan T, Liu Y, Lin S. ACE Inhibitor Benefit to Kidney and Cardiovascular Outcomes for Patients with Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 3-5: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomised Clinical Trials. Drugs. 2020 Jun;80(8):797-811. doi:10.1007/s40265-020-01290-3
👉 Product links on this page marked with a 💲 may earn the site a modest commission.